Evolution of Salinity and Water Table Level of the Phreatic Coastal Aquifer of the Emilia Romagna Region (Italy)

The coastal aquifers of the Mediterranean region are highly susceptible to seawater intrusion due a combination challenges such as land subsidence, high aquifer permeability, urbanization, drainage, and an unsustainable use water during dry summer months. present study is focused on statistical analysis groundwater data evaluate spatial changes level electrical conductivity in phreatic Emilia-Romagna (Northeast Italy) for period from 2009 2018. Data 35 wells distributed across entire regional area used establish temporal trend, well correlations between salinity, table level, rainfall. Water salinity distribution maps discussed regarding surface geology management. Most beach wedge sand unit, which allows easy connectivity water. Surface salinization enhanced along bodies connected sea. lowest occurs western northern parts area, because semiconfined behavior aquifer. Only northernmost, close Po River, southernmost does remain fresh whole considered river recharge. In rest region, thickness freshwater lenses, where present, less than 4.5 m. existence below sea saline at bottom most suggest that unstable hydrodynamic conditions quality not fit human consumption or irrigation. This first provide overview state within Region; it also suggests that, overall, trend has slightly decreased